Marine batteries are generally of two types. A marine starting battery is used only for the purpose of starting the boat engine whereas a deep cycle marine battery is used for the other power requirements. These batteries are available in a sealed form which makes them leak resistant and maintenance free. The most commonly used battery is the lead acid battery which is filled with an electrolyte solution of euphoric acid and can store relatively large amounts of power without taking up too much space. These batteries can further be categorized in three types.
The flooded cell or wet cell batteries are the most inexpensive and also the most popular. They work by immersing lead plates in a euphoric acid electrolyte solution. These batteries require careful handling and also occasional replenishment of the electrolyte solution which is why they are not sealed. They can be prone to leaks and also the generation of hydrogen which is highly explosive unless the battery compartment is properly vented. You must also be careful not to let the electrolyte come in contact with the skin as it can cause burns. Additionally, if the electrolyte comes in contact with seawater, toxic chlorine gas can be generated.
Gel cell batteries use a gel like silica to stabilize and thicken the electrolyte solution. This way, even if there is a crack in the battery casing, there is no leak of electrolyte and the battery will continue functioning. Because no maintenance is required, these batteries are generally sealed but you need to be careful when charging them lest they be damaged. They are also more expensive than wet cell batteries.
Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM) batteries are the products of the latest advances in battery technology and incorporate both safety and durability measures. Instead of a gel, they use fiberglass separators to store the electrolyte solution which makes them spill proof. They are also far more resistant to damage caused by vibration or impact and can be stored in relatively inaccessible parts of the boat because they are maintenance free. Needless to say, they are also the most expensive.
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